“what”有哪三个用法？怎么造句？

“what”有哪三个用法？怎么造句？

一、单词简介：
what [(h)wɔt]
1、pron. 什么
2、adv. 到什么程度
3、adj. 什么, 什么的
4、n. 本质, 实质, 要素
5、int. 怎么, 多么[1]

二、主要用法：
what作代词时，它不仅含义丰富，而且其用法广泛。毫无疑问，what是一个万能代词，很值得英语学习者掌握。下面从词性功能的角度，简要归纳一下这一万能代词的主要用法。[2]

（一）、疑问代词what
在在英语提问中，疑问代词what有很多用法。它在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等；它既可以问“身份、名字、性质、类别”，也可以问“目的、数量、价值、效果”等。疑问代词what相当于汉语“什么”或“怎么样”的意思，其主要用法如下：
1．问人或事物的特点。例如：
What is he like? [他人怎么样啊？]
What kind of suit did she buy in town? [她在城里买的是怎样的服装？]
2．问有关事物的数量。例如：
What do you weigh? [你体重多少？]
What did you pay for the dictionary? [这本词典你花了多少钱？]
3．问人的职业（工作性质）或事物的性质（特点）。例如：
What is your father? [你父亲是干什么的？]
What is an engineer? [工程师是干什么的？]
What is the weather like in Beijing? [北京的天气如何？]
4．问事物的内容。例如：
What is the latest news? [有什么最新的消息吗？]
What would you like to buy? [你想要买点什么东西？]
What is artificial intelligence? [什么叫做人工智能？]
5．对一些抽象名词提问。例如：
What's your phone number? [你的电话号码是多少？]
What's the price of the book? [这本书的价钱是多少？]
6．对时间的提问。例如：
What time is it? （= What's the time?）[现在几点了？]
What's the date today? [今天几号？]
What day is today? （= What day is it today?）[今天星期几？]
What month is it? [现在是几月份？]
What comes after spring? [春季之后是哪个季节？]
7．问姓名、排号、尺寸、颜色等。例如：
What is your name? [你叫什么名字？]
What number are you? [你是几号呢？]
What size shoes do you take? [你穿几号的鞋？]
What color is your coat? [你的上衣是什么颜色？]
8．询问对方的看法。例如：
What do you think of game shows? [你认为游戏节目怎么样？]
What about something to drink? [来点喝的怎么样？]

（二）、关系代词what
关系代词what也有很多用法。它可引起主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等；它没有疑问的含义,相当于that、which、the thing(s) that(which),或the…that(which),从句表示的是事物。关系代词what在不同情况下有不同意思，其主要用法如下：
1．主语从句。例如：
What is beautiful is not always good. [美的东西并不总是好的。]
What happened after that was interesting. [后来发生的事挺有意思。]
值得一提的是，当what引起主语从句时,主句谓语动词数的形式比较复杂。中国著名语言学家周海中先生在1985年发表的《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》一文中，对主句谓语动词数的形式做了深入探究。其中，周先生指出：当主句的表语是动词不定式、动词V-ing和从句时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。他提供了以下的实例：
What he is suited for is to be loved. (J. Bayley: Shakespeare and Tragedy)
What we're doing is getting a chap used to getting up, going to work, learning how to behave in a workshop. (New Statesman, 15 June 1984)
What it comes down to is that the big cars are considered better buys. (U. S. News & World Report, January 18, 1982)
2．宾语从句。例如：
I could hardly believe what he had told me. [我简直不敢相信他所告诉我的。]
His mother gives him what he asks for. [他要什么他母亲就给他什么。]
3．表语从句。例如：
Books are what we need most. [书是我们最需要的东西。]
He is not what he was five years ago. [他不再是五年前的他了。]

三、详解与例句
1、代词pron. （疑问代词）什么
which thing,event,etc.
·What is that?
那是什么？
·What did he say?
他说什么？
· What's the time?
什么时候了？
代词 pron. （关系代词）所…的事物
the thing(s) which（that）
· He told me what he knew.
他把他知道的事情告诉了我。
· You can have what is left.
剩下的归你所有。
· He can do what he wants to.
他可以（能够）想做什么就做什么。
· Mr. Smith came out to see what was happening.
史密斯先生出来看看发生了什么事。
感叹词int. 什么；怎么
· What!(Do you really mean it?)
什么！（你真是这个意思吗？）
· What!So early!
怎么！这么早！
· What?The car stolen?
什么？汽车被偷了？
副词adv. 多少；怎样
how much;in what way
· What does it matter?
那有什么关系？

四、相关词组
1. what though 尽管...有什么关系
2. and what not 诸如此类, 等等
3. give sb. what for 惩罚, 责备
4. what is more 而且
5. what it takes 成功的必要条件
6. what's what 事情的真相
7. what have you 等等
8. what is called 所谓
2017-12-08